MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome itself — one of a small family of “mitochondrial-derived peptides” identified in the last two decades. Its discovery reframed the mitochondrial genome as more than a set of respiratory-chain genes, and it has become one of the most cited peptides in metabolic research catalogs.
Research background
The preclinical literature on MOTS-c centers on metabolic regulation: AMPK pathway activity, glucose handling and insulin sensitivity in rodent models, skeletal-muscle metabolism, and exercise-mimetic study designs. Later work has examined its translocation to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it appears to act as a stress-responsive transcriptional regulator in cell models. Human observational work has looked at circulating MOTS-c levels across ages and activity levels.
Structure and analytical profile
Sixteen residues places MOTS-c in the mid-length range for synthetic peptides — long enough that synthesis quality matters, short enough that high purity is achievable. A quality lot presents a dominant main peak on HPLC with identity confirmed against a reference standard. The certificate should state chromatographic purity, net peptide content per vial, testing laboratory, and report date.
Verifying a lot
Heartland Bio Labs publishes independent laboratory certificates for tested lots in the COA portal — search the product name to read transcribed results with the original lab PDF attached. Certificates for earlier lots stay published, so previously purchased material remains verifiable.
Handling notes
Lyophilized MOTS-c stores cold, dry, and protected from light; solutions are prepared fresh in laboratory practice.
Frequently asked research questions
Is MOTS-c the same as humanin?
No — humanin is a separate mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 16S rRNA region with its own (largely cytoprotection-focused) literature. MOTS-c comes from the 12S region and is studied mainly in metabolic models.
What strengths are typical?
Research vials are commonly offered at 10 mg, with larger 20–40 mg formats for extended study designs.
All compounds discussed are for laboratory research use only and are not for human consumption. Nothing here is medical advice or a statement of clinical effect.
Product page: MOTS-c.